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Maithili (मैथिली, মৈথিলী, Maithilī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in eastern Nepal and northern India by about 34.7 million
people total, comprising 31.9 million people in India as per 2000, and 2.8 million people in Nepal as per 2001. It is presently
written with the Devanagari script. It is an offshoot of the Indo-Aryan languages, which is a branch of the Indo-European
languages. Early Indo-Aryan languages (2500 BC to 500 BC) developed from Vedic Sanskrit to Laukik Sanskrit. Middle Indo-Aryan
Languages (500 BC to 1000 AD) developed from Pali (early Prakrit, 500 BC to 100 BC) to Prakrit (middle Prakrit, 100 BC to
500 AD), Apabhraṃśa (neo Prakrit, 500 AD to 900 AD) and Avhattha (neo regional Prakrit, 900 AD to 1100 AD). From neo-Magadhi
Prakrit and its variant Maithil Avahattha came Maithili language (1000 AD). It is in the category of Modern Indo-Aryan language
(1000 AD to till date). Linguists consider Maithili to be an Eastern Indic language. In 2003, Maithili was included in the
Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, which allows the language to be used in education, government, and other official
contexts. It is the second most spoken language of Nepal (around 12%). The first grammar of Maithili was written in 1880–81.
A. F. Rudolf Hoernle published a grammar of the eastern Hindi from London in 1880 and compared with the other Gaudian languages.
In this grammar, Dr. Hoernle recognized Maithili as a dialect distinct from Hindi. He was able to give some specimens of its
grammatical forms, but no published materials were then available. The mis-classification by early linguists led to language
politics in respect of Maithili. Beames considered Maithili as a dialect of Bengali. Grierson, however, adopted the notional
term Bihari for the language used in Bihar; it has since been shown to be a misnomer for Maithili. Maithili is derived from
Avahattha, the Maithil Apabhramsha, which is derived from Magadhi Apbhramsha. Maithili was traditionally written in the Maithili
script (also known by the names Tirhuta, i.e. , Mithilakshar) and Kaithi script. The ISO of Unicode Technical Committee has
approved the encoding of Kaithi and Tirhuta scripts. Nowadays, Devanagari script is most commonly used. An effort is underway
to preserve the Maithili script and to develop it for use in digital media by encoding the script in the Unicode standard,
for which proposals have been submitted by Sh. Anshuman Pandey (now it has been approved by the ISO, the Unicode Technical
Committee). The term Maithili comes from Mithila, which was an independent state in ancient times. Mithila is important in
Hindu mythology, since it is regarded as the birthplace of Goddess Sita, the daughter of King Janak of Mithila, who eventually
gets married to Lord Rama. The most famous literary figure in Maithili is the poet Vidyapati (1350–1450), who wrote his poems
in the language of the people, i.e. , Maithili, at a time when state's official language used to be Sanskrit and Sanskrit
was still being used as a literary language. The use of Maithili, instead of Sanskrit, in literature became more common after
Vidyapati. |
Names (more)[ar] المايثيلي[az] maitili dili [bn] মৈথিলি [bs] maitili [br] Maitileg [bg] майтхили [ca] Maithili [cs] maithiliština [cy] Maithili [da] Maithili [de] Maithili [el] Μαϊτχίλι [en] Maithili language [eo] Maitila lingvo [et] maithili [ee] maitiligbe [fa] مایدیلی [fi] maithili [fr] Maïthili [gu] મૈથિલી ભાષા [sh] Maithili jezik [he] מאיטילית [hi] मैथिली [hr] maithili [hu] maithili [id] Bahasa Maithili [is] maítílí [it] Lingua maithili [ja] マイティリー語 [kn] ಮೈಥಿಲಿ [ks] میتَھلی [ka] მაიტილი [ko] 마이틸리 [lo] ໄມທີລິ [la] Lingua Maithili [lv] maithili [lt] maithili [ml] മൈഥിലി ഭാഷ [mr] मैथिली [mk] маитхили [mt] Majtili [ne] मैथिली भाषा [nl] Maithili [nn] Maithili [nb] maithili [no] Maithili [or] ମୈଥିଳୀ [pl] Język maithili [pt] Língua maithili [rm] maithili [ro] maithili [ru] Майтхили [sk] maithilčina [sl] maitili [es] Maithili [sr] Маитили [sv] Maithili [ta] மைதிலி மொழி [te] మైథిలి [th] ภาษาไมถิลี [to] mea fakamaitili [tr] Maithili [uk] Майтхілі [vi] Tiếng Maithili [zh] 迈蒂利语 |
Language type : Living
Technical notes
This page is providing structured data for the language Maithili. |
ISO 639 CodesISO 639-2B : maiISO 639-2T : mai ISO 639-3 : mai Linked Data URIshttp://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/maihttp://dbpedia.org/resource/ISO_639:mai http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/mai More URIs at sameas.org SourcesAuthority documentation for ISO 639 identifier: maiFreebase ISO 639-3 : mai GeoNames.org Country Information Publications Office of the European Union Metadata Registry : Countries and Languages |