lingvoj.orgLinked Languages ResourcesA contribution to the Web of Databy Bernard Vatant, Mondeca |
Langobardic |
lngSearch languages |
Complete list of languages | This page in other languages : [fr] |
Lombardic or Langobardic is the largely extinct language of the Lombards (Langobardi), the Germanic speaking people who settled
in Italy in the 6th century. The language declined rapidly already in the 7th century as the invaders quickly adopted the
Latin vernacular spoken by the local Roman population. E.g. already the Edict of Rothari from 643 is written almost exclusively
in Vulgar Latin although it only covers Lombardic subjects and the laws were compiled by the Lombards themselves. Lombardic
may have been in scattered use until as late as ca. AD 1000. Also, there are some who believe that the modern Cimbrian and
Mocheno dialects in Northeastern Italy, usually classified as Austro-Bavarian, are in fact surviving Lombard remnants. The
language is only preserved fragmentarily, the main evidence being individual words quoted in Latin texts. In the absence of
Lombardic texts, it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the language's morphology and syntax. The genetic classification
is necessarily based entirely on phonology. Since there is evidence that Lombardic participated in, and indeed shows some
of the earliest evidence for, the High German consonant shift, it is classified as an Elbe Germanic or Upper German dialect.
The Historia Langobardorum of Paulus Diaconus mentions a duke Zaban of 574, showing /t/ shifted to /ts/. The term stolesazo
(the second element is cognate with English seat) in the Edictum Rothari shows the same shift. Many names in the Lombard royal
families show shifted consonants, particularly /p/ < /b/ in the following name components: pert < bert: Aripert, Godepert
perg < berg: Perctarit, Gundperga prand < brand: Ansprand, Liutprand It has been suggested that the consonant shift may even
have originated in Lombardic. Formerly, Lombardic was classified as Ingaevonian (North Sea Germanic), but this classification
is considered obsolete. The classification of Lombardic within the Germanic languages may be complicated by issues of orthography.
According to Hutterer (1999) it is close to Old Saxon. Tacitus counts them among the Suebi. Paulus Diaconus (8th century)
and the Codex Gothanus (9th century) wrote that the Lombards were ultimately of Scandinavian origin, having settled at the
Elbe before entering Italy. Longbardic fragments are preserved in runic inscriptions, in Latinized forms, and in transcriptions
influenced by Old High German orthography. This Lombardic alphabet, as commonly transcribed, consists of the following graphemes:
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q(u), r, s, ʒ, t, þ, u, w, z The qu represents a [kw kw] sound. The ʒ is [s
s], e.g. skauʒ [skaus skaus] womb. The z is [ts ts]. h is [h h] word-initially, and [x x] elsewhere. Among the primary source
texts are short inscriptions in the Elder Futhark, among them the bronze capsule of Schretzheim (ca. 600): On the lid: arogisd
On the bottom: alaguþleuba : dedun (Arogisl/-gast. Alaguth Leuba made , less likely Arogis and Alaguth made love) And also
the two fibulae of Bezenye, Hungary (mid 6th century): Fibula A: godahid unj[a a] Fibula B: (k?)arsiboda segun (To Godahid,
sympathy, Arsiboda's bless) There are a number of Latin texts which include Lombardic names, and Lombardic legal texts contain
terms taken from the legal vocabulary of the vernacular, including: Origo gentis Langobardorum Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum
Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani Edictum Rothari In 2005, there were claims that the inscription of the Pernik sword
may be Lombardic. |
Names (more)[cs] Langobardština[da] Langobardisk [de] Langobardische Sprache [en] Langobardic [it] Lingua longobarda [nl] Longobardisch [nn] Langobardisk [no] Langobardisk [pl] Język longobardzki [pt] Língua longobarda [es] Idioma lombardo [th] ภาษาลอมบาร์ดิก [tr] Langobartça |
Language type : Ancient
Technical notes
This page is providing structured data for the language Langobardic. |
ISO 639 CodesISO 639-3 : lngLinked Data URIshttp://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/lnghttp://dbpedia.org/resource/ISO_639:lng More URIs at sameas.org SourcesAuthority documentation for ISO 639 identifier: lngFreebase ISO 639-3 : lng GeoNames.org Country Information Publications Office of the European Union Metadata Registry : Countries and Languages |