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Haida (X̲aat Kíl, X̲aadas Kíl, X̲aayda Kil) is the language of the Haida people, spoken in the Haida Gwaii archipelago of
the coast of Canada and on Prince of Wales Island in Alaska. An endangered language, Haida currently has about 55 native speakers,
though revitalization efforts are underway. At the time of European contact in 1774, Haida speakers numbered about 15,000;
epidemic soon led to a drastic reduction in the Haida population, which became limited to three villages: Masset, Skidegate,
and Hydaburg. Positive attitudes towards assimilation combined with the ban on speaking Haida in residential schools led to
a sharp decline in the use of the Haida language among the Haida people, and today almost all ethnic Haida use English to
communicate. Classification of the Haida language is a matter of controversy, with some linguists placing it in the Na-Dené
language family and others arguing that it is a language isolate. Haida itself is split between Northern and Southern dialects,
which differ primarily in phonology. The Northern Haida dialects have developed radical consonants, typologically uncommon
sounds which are also found in some of the nearby Salishan and Wakashan languages. The Haida sound system includes ejective
consonants, glottalized sonorants, contrastive vowel length, and phonemic tone. The nature of tone differs between the dialects,
and in Alaskan Haida it is primarily a pitch accent system. Syllabic laterals appear in all dialects of Haida, but are only
phonemic in Skidegate Haida. Extra vowels which are not present in Haida words occur in nonsense words in Haida songs. There
are a number of systems for writing Haida using the Latin alphabet, each of which represents the sounds of Haida differently.
While Haida has nouns and verbs, it does not have adjectives and has few true adpositions. English adjectives translate into
verbs in Haida, for example 'láa '(to be) good', and English prepositional phrases are usually expressed with Haida relational
nouns, for instance Alaskan Haida dítkw 'side facing away from the beach, towards the woods'. Haida verbs are marked for tense,
aspect, mood, and evidentiality, and person is marked by pronouns that are cliticized to the verb. Haida also has hundreds
of classifiers. Haida has the rare direct-inverse word order type, where both SOV and OSV words orders occur depending on
the potency of the subject and object of the verb. Haida also has obligatory possession, where certain types of nouns cannot
stand alone and require a possessor. |
Names (more)[ar] الهيدا[az] hayda dili [bn] হাইডা [bs] haida [br] haida [bg] хайда [ca] haida [cs] haidština [cy] Haida [da] haida [de] Haida [el] Χάιντα [en] Haida language [eo] Ĥajda lingvo [et] haida [fa] هایدایی [fi] Haida [fr] Haïda [gu] હૈડા [he] האידה [hi] हैडा [hr] haidi [hu] haida [id] Haida [is] haída [it] Lingua haida [ja] ハイダ語 [kn] ಹೈಡಾ [ks] ہَیدا [ko] 하이다어 [lo] ໄຮດາ [lv] haidu [lt] haido [ml] ഹൈഡ [mr] हैडा [mk] хајда [mt] Ħajda [nl] Haida [nn] haida [nb] haida [or] ହାଇଡା [pl] haida [pt] haida [rm] haida [ro] haida [ru] Хайда [sk] haida [sl] haidščina [es] Idioma haida [sr] Хаида [sv] haida [ta] ஹைடா [te] హైడా [th] ไฮดา [tr] Haida [uk] хайда [vi] Tiếng Haida |
Language type : Living
Technical notes
This page is providing structured data for the language Haida. |
ISO 639 CodesISO 639-2B : haiISO 639-2T : hai ISO 639-3 : hai Linked Data URIshttp://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/haihttp://dbpedia.org/resource/ISO_639:hai http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/hai More URIs at sameas.org SourcesAuthority documentation for ISO 639 identifier: haiFreebase ISO 639-3 : hai GeoNames.org Country Information Publications Office of the European Union Metadata Registry : Countries and Languages |