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Pacaraos Quechua

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Pacaraos Quechua is a variety of Quechua spoken until the middle of the 20th century in the community of Pacaraos in the Peruvian Lima Region in the Chancay valley up to 3000 m above sea level. The Quechua of Pacaraos was investigated by the Dutch linguist Willem F. H. Adelaar in 1970s, when it was still spoken by women in their sixties and older. Around the year 2000 there were possibly no active speakers left, but there are probably some people with passive knowledge who grew up with their grandparents. A peculiarity of Pacaraos Quechua is that it does not belong to any of the two main branches of the Quechua family. In contrast to other Quechua varieties, the Quechua of Pacaraos has phonemic word accent, which is either on the penultimate or the ultimate syllable. Like the Waywash varieties but in contrast to Wampuy, it distinguishes between short and long vowels. The first person of the verb and the possessive form for nouns is expressed by accent on the last syllable and addition of -y, e.g. : tarpuy to sow - tarpúy I sow - tarpunki you sow - tarpun he/she sows. The vocabulary of Pacaraos Quechua corresponds in part with Southern Quechua (e.g. kunan now), and partially with Waywash (e.g. yarku- to rise, akshu, potato). Furthermore there are many loanwords from Jaqaru or other Aymaran languages (e.g. achara old, uni- to hate, wilka sun). Some words of Pacaraos Quechua are unique, e.g. arapu- to answer, chaqpa clothes, rapqa- both. Pacaraos Quechua shares many suffixes with Waywash, e.g. -ĉaw in, on, at or -piqta, -piq from, out of. The accusative suffix -kta has a long form -kta and a short form -k, the latter being combined with final stress. The negation suffix -su (<*-chu) is often shortened to -s. The gerund is expressed with -shpa, as in all Wampuy varieties. The /q/ of Proto-Quechua is a fricative, at the end of a syllable or near a voiceless consonant it is voiceless [x x] and otherwise voiced [g g]. In contrast to other Quechua varianties it distinguishes between a simple [r r] (tap, e.g. rapqan they both) and a vibrant [rr rr] (e.g. rraqak girl). As in some dialects of Ancash Quechua /č/ has become [s s] (e.g. say that) and /s/ has turned to [h h] (e.g. huti name, haĉa plant, rrahu snow). The retroflex /ĉ/ has been preserved.
Source : DBpedia

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Following BCP 47 the recommended tag for this language is qvp.

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