lingvoj.orgLinked Languages ResourcesA contribution to the Web of Databy Bernard Vatant, Mondeca |
Phalura |
phlSearch languages |
Complete list of languages | This page in other languages : [fr] |
Palula (also spelled Phalura, Palola, Phalulo), Ashreti, Aćharêtâʹ, or Dangarikwar (the name used by Khowar speakers), is
a language spoken by approximately 10,000 people in the valleys of Ashret and Biori, as well as in the village Puri (also
Purigal) in the Shishi valley, and at least by a portion of the population in the village Kalkatak, in the Chitral District
of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. A related variety of this language is spoken in the village Sau in Afghanistan,
and another closely related variety in the village Khalkot in Dir District. Palula is pronounced as /paaluulaá/, with three
long vowels and a rising pitch on the final syllable. The people of Ashret are important because they are strategically located
at the main gate to Chitral. All persons entering Chitral through Lowari Top, the 10,230 feet high pass which connects Chitral
to Dir and the rest of Pakistan, must pass the customs checkpost at Ashret. The area where Palula is spoken includes {{#invoke:Coordinates|coord}}{{#coordinates:35|28|N|71|53|E|type:city(12500)_region:PK||
| |name= }} Tradition has it that the people of Ashret are originally from Chilas in the Indus River Valley. The Mehtar or
ruler of Chitral appointed them as the guardians of the gate to Chitral at Ashret. The tradition that the people of Ashret
originally come from Chilas is supported by locally recorded genealogies as well as independent historical records, from Chitral
as well as the Indus valley. There is an unknown date to this story, but it appears to have happened 250–500 years ago. The
present people of Chilas speak the related Shina language. Any connection they may have with the people of Ashret has been
lost. The Palula language has been documented by George Morgenstierne (1926, 1941), Kendall Decker (1992), Henrik Liljegren
(2008, 2009, 2010), and Henrik Liljegren & Naseem Haider (2009, 2011). It is classified as a Dardic Language but this is more
of a geographical classification than a linguistic one. In some of the smaller villages, Palula has either ceased to be spoken
(in the village Ghos, situated near Drosh) or its speakers are largely shifting (as in Puri and Kalkatak) to the more widely
spoken Khowar language. However, in the main Palula settlements in the Biori and Ashret valleys, it is a strong, vibrant and
growing language, as the population in those areas increases, and it is still with a few exceptions the mother tongue of almost
all people. In 2004, Anjuman-e-taraqqi-e-Palula, the Society for the promotion of Palula, was founded by people in the Palula
community to promote the continued use of their language and to encourage research and documentation of their language, history
and culture. After the establishment of a written form of the language, the society is now engaged in producing literature
and educational material in Palula. In 2006, Palula Alifbe (Palula alphabet book) and Palula Shiluka (Palula stories) were
jointly published by the Anjuman-e-taraqqi-e-Palula and the Frontier Language Institute in Peshawar. In 2008, a mother-tongue
based educational programme was launched by a local school management committee in Ashret and a first batch of Palula children
could start learning to read and write in their own language. Since 2010, two schools operate within this programme in Ashret,
using a curriculum developed by the community itself with assistance from the Forum for Language Initiatives (a regional language
resource centre based in Islamabad). The Norwegian Linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest
linguistic diversity in the world. Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are
spoken here. These include Kalasha-mun, Palula, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Nuristani, Yidgha, Burushaski, Gujar, Wakhi, Kyrgyz, Persian
and Pashto. Since many of these languages have no written form, letters are usually written in Urdu or Persian. |
Names (more)[br] Paloureg[en] Palula language [fi] Phaluran kieli [fr] Phalura [ru] Пхалура [th] ภาษาปาลูลา [ur] پھالولہ زبان |
Language type : Living
Technical notes
This page is providing structured data for the language Phalura. |
ISO 639 CodesISO 639-3 : phlLinked Data URIshttp://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/phlhttp://dbpedia.org/resource/ISO_639:phl More URIs at sameas.org SourcesAuthority documentation for ISO 639 identifier: phlFreebase ISO 639-3 : phl GeoNames.org Country Information Publications Office of the European Union Metadata Registry : Countries and Languages |